Privacy Law Library

Unlawful creation of image of another (voyeurism)

VA unlawful image creation

Other

Criminalizes secretly creating video or still images of a nonconsenting person who is nude, in undergarments, or partly undressed in places such as restrooms, dressing rooms, locker rooms, hotel rooms, and bedrooms, and upskirt-style images taken from beneath a person.

Where

Virginia

Citation

Va. Code § 18.2-386.1

Status

In force

In force since

1994-07-01

Last amended

2026-07-01

Enforced by

Criminal prosecution

People can sue

No

Penalties

Class 1 misdemeanor; Class 6 felony if the victim is under 18 or for certain repeat offenses (18.2-386.1(C)-(E)).

Applies to

• Any person who knowingly and intentionally creates images of a nonconsenting person who is nude, in undergarments, or exposed, in a restroom, dressing room, locker room, hotel room, tanning booth, bedroom, or similar location, and upskirt-style images (18.2-386.1(A))