Video Voyeurism Prevention Act of 2004
VVPA
Other
This criminal law bars intentionally capturing images of a person's private areas without consent where the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy. It applies only within federal maritime and territorial jurisdiction; state laws cover most other places.
- Where
- Federal
- Citation
- 18 U.S.C. 1801
- Status
- In force
- In force since
- 2004-12-23
- Enforced by
- U.S. Department of Justice
- People can sue
- No
- Penalties
- Fine, imprisonment up to one year, or both.
- Applies to
- Individuals and entities acting within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States (e.g., federal property)
Practices it requires
- Do not knowingly capture an image of an individual's private area without consent under circumstances where the individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy.18 U.S.C. 1801(a)
Sources
Checked against these sources on 2026-09-25 by research agent (Claude), primary sources.
Research reference, not legal advice.